1. The term moksha means "liberation" and is a release from this ordinary, finite, limited realm of existence into infinite ocean of the divine. It is an experience characterized by infinite being, infinite awareness, and infinite bliss.
2. Monism is the doctrine that says all reality is ultimately one. An analogy would be that all lakes, rivers, ponds, and streams flow into one ocean.
3. Brahman is the essence of all things and is what's without. Atman is one's eternal self and is within. The universe is connected to the eternal self and the eternal self is connected to the universe. This meaning, they both mean that all reality is one.
4. The general function of Hinduism's many deities is to provide points of contact with the divine.
5. The doctrine of samara states that an individual is reincarnated from one life-form to another.
6. The name of Hinduism's most popular sacred text is the Bhagavad-Gita.
7. According to Hinduism, the two principles that connect the divine to this world are karma and dharma. Karma determines the nature of each reincarnation and is the moral law of cause and effect. Dharma is the ethical duty based on the divine order of reality.
8. The four classes of the caste system are brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, and shudra. The brahmin class consists of priests, kshatriya consists of warriors and administrators, vaishya consists of producers such as farmers, merchants, and artistans, and the shudra class is made up of servants and laborers.
9. In the Bhagavad-Gita, the Krishna encourages Arjuna to engage in war because he wants him to fulfill his dharma.
10. The four stages of life are: 1) the time of puberty, which is characterized by intensive study of the Vedas and other sacred literature. 2) the householder, which is the tasks of pursuing a career and raising a family. 3) the forest dweller, which is when the first grandchild is born. 4) the wandering ascetic, which is when the forest dweller is ready to come back to society, but is detached from material things.
11. The four goals of life are sensual pleasure (karma), material success (artha), harmony with dharma, and the bliss of moksha.
12. The three paths to liberation are the paths of works, knowledge, and devotion. The path of works is associated with people who are involved in physical activity. The path of knowledge is associated with those who are talented. The path of devotion is associated with people who are emotionally attached.
13. The three most important schools of Hindu philosophy are Vendanta, Sankhya, and Yoga. The basic task that concerns all three is the ability to attain knowledge and connect to the samsara.
14. The three important gods or goddesses of Hinduism are Vishnu, the preserver; Brahma, the creator; and Shiva, the destroyer.
15. An avatar is an incarnation of a deity, commonly of Vishnu, who is sent to earth to accomplish a divine purpose. Two important Hindu figures identified as avatars are Krishna and Rama.
16. The Hindu text that is most closely associated with bhakti marga is the Bhagavad-Gita.
17. Three aspects of Hindu devotional life are household and village rituals, pilgrimage to holy places, and veneration of cows.
18. Mahatma Gandhi influences Hinduism by expressing his wisdom to reach divine life.
19. The significant changes in the caste system that took place in the twentieth century are the promotion of social and economic justice as well as forbidding discrimination of outcasts.
20. Sati is the burning of a widow. Its status today is rare, but also forbidden in India.
21. The significant development that occurred in relations between Hindus and Muslims in 1947 was the dividing of nations, which provided a Muslim homeland. This turned into a bloody ordeal and led to the assassination of Gandhi.
Monday, February 4, 2013
Wednesday, January 30, 2013
Primal Religions: Yoruba Tribe
Yoruba |
Location & Geography
The Yoruba people are the second largest ethnic groups found in Nigeria.
Although most of the Yoruba people are located in western area of Nigeria,
there are other communities in several other regions of Africa. It has been
said that the Yoruba people have occupied that region of West Africa for almost
10050 years.
 |
| Location of Yoruba tribe. |
Cosmological View
In Yoruba cosmology, Olodumare or Olorun is the
Supreme Being whose supremacy is absolute. Olodumare is known by all divinities
as unique and pre-eminent. The Yoruba tribe believed in achieving one’s
own true destiny, which was known as Ayanmo. They also believed in
reincarnation and that the world began with water with a chicken that laid its
eggs and created the earth.
Sacred Symbols
Most of the Yoruba’s sacred symbols have to do with
nature, such as plants, animal life, etc. Other symbols of the Yoruba include
water, hand crafted pottery, and most importantly beads. These beads served as
tools for history review as well as protection charms and a sign of their belief.
The way the beads were threaded together represented the tribe’s unity.
 |
| Yoruba beads. |
Sacred Locations
One of the Yoruba’s most sacred locations is the
dense forest of the Osun Sacred Gove, in the city of Osogbo. The forest is
southern Nigeria and is one of the last remaining historical locations in that
forest. This Grove has become a symbol of identity for the Yoruba Diaspora and
is of great importance to the Yoruba people.
 |
| Osun Sacred Gove |
Important gods
The Yoruba worship hundreds of gods that each represents
a natural element of human emotion. The most important gods are:
· Eshu:
the messenger god
· Ife:
the creater of Orisha Obatala; Yoruba word for “earth”
· Obatala:
the creator of earth and mankind
· Olorun:
the ruler of the sky and the father of other Yoruba gods
· Oloddumare:
the main creator; seen as the modern day God
· Olokun:
the god of the sea
· Oshun:
the goddess of love, pleasure, beauty and diplomacy
· Orunmila:
god of prophecy
· Oya:
female warrior goddess
· Shango:
god of storm and thunder
· Yemalla:
the mother goddess of the sea and the moon
 |
| Eshu. |
Totems, Fetishes & Taboos
Yoruba
Totems are fabrics that designate a person’s social position. They are used in
ritual births, puberty, marriage, and death. Several of these textile fabrics
are seen in three ways: as art, social symbols, and displays of creative
technique.
 |
| Textile fabric. |
The
Yoruba Love Lock Fetish was crafted for spiritual purposes. It is used for one
specific reason; to ensure the love from another forever. This fetish is well
known and considered strongly desired by those of the Yoruba faith.
 |
| Love Lock Fetish. |
Yoruba
taboos suggested that white kola-nuts should not be peeled before they are
eaten. This was said to be believed by the people because once members of the
Lelu clan shared the kola-nuts with other families and then died shortly after.
Locust beans were another example. Eating these locust beans will result in
peeling of the lips and mouth of whoever eats it. They will also die through
mysterious bees attacks if they attend the Obalooran festival after eating the
beans.
Shaman
The
role of the Shaman is to doctor the people of the tribe. They are responsible
for curing people of any infections or disease that are harming the Yoruba
people. The shaman viewed magic to be very commonly used throughout the tribe.
They used charms and other herbal medicines as magic and were more commonly
used to treat the sick in the tribe.
Rituals
Yoruba rituals were generally performed at
festivals, funerals, etc. Three
traditional rituals are:
1. Itaoku: Itaoku
is a ritual for feasting. After a funeral, close relatives provide food and
drink for the community to join them in a feast. Later that night, a ram is
sacrificed to the ancestors. They then start the next ritual, which is opening
the voice of a new ancestor that is heard for the first time.
2.
Irenku: Irenku
is when family and friends parade through the town and celebrate their success
of a proper burial. There’s a display of music and dancing throughout the day.
The parade then stops at certain spots of the relatives where the spirit is
expected to stay.
3. Ejeoku:
Ejeoku is the final day of the funeral, where the
children of the deceased offer yams and fish soup to the ancestors. Music is
played on the asipelu drums, where
the ancestor’s voice corresponds to the drums.
References:
Thursday, January 24, 2013
Primal Religions Questions
1. Some forms of religions are called primal because some of these religions came before the other more basic religions and are more important than other religions.
2. The elements of the natural and human world that the Ancestors created or established during the period of the Dreaming was the formation of life and the creation of human beings. They were given certain rights and languages.
3. Spirits survive in the symbols left behind by the Ancestors.
4. The term taboo is forbidden to profane use because of the things that are considered to be dangerous supernatural powers. The term totem is an object that remind families of their ancestors.
5. Ritual is essential if Aboriginal life has meaning because it is only in certain rituals that dreaming can be seen.
6. Aboriginal rituals originated by those people who create the world through dreaming where each ritual is an reenactment of a myth of certain actions of an Ancestor during the dreaming.
7. Initiation rituals awaken the adolescence that redefine their social identity in a tribe.
8. Two acts of Dieri initiation rituals that symbolize death are two lower middle teeth that were knocked out and then buried in the ground and circumcision.
9. The Yoruba live in the western areas of Africa.
10. The city of life has always been the center of Yoruba religion because the Yoruba believe that the god Orish-nla created the world of life.
11. The Yoruba's understanding of the cosmos was that there were two separate worlds, heaven and earth. The other forms of human beings were called witches and sorcerers who caused chaos. Humans tried hard to maintain the balance between the gods so that the witches and sorcerers would not do evil deeds.
12. Olorun is the superior god of the Yoruba religion, which originally came from the power source of the universe.
13. Orishas are lower than the Olorun. Their role is to act as a mediator between the gods and the Olorun.
14. Two of the Orishas are the Orish-nla and Ogun. The Yoruba believed that the Orish-nla created the earth. The Ogun was the god of war and iron.
15. A trickster figure is a deceptive person who appears in several forms in many cultures.
16. The two types of Yoruba ancestors are family ancestors and diefied ancestors. Family ancestors gained their status by earning a good reputation, whereas the diefied ancestors were important human figures in Yoruba society who were worshiped in large numbers.
17. The role of Yoruba ritual practitioners is to meditate between the god and heaven, and humans and earth.
18. Divination is the act that seeks to foresee future events or discover hidden knowledge by interpreting omens. The Yoruba consider it to be essential because it is important to proceed one's future.
19. Scholars believe human beings first came to North America by migrating from Asia to the Bering Strait.
20. The religion of the Plain Indians is of vital interest among native peoples throughout North America because their religion represents Native American religion.
21. Wakan Tanka is the Lakota name for supreme reality.
22. Inktomi means spider. The Lakota trickster figure taught the first humans their ways and customs.
23. Lakota believes that once a person dies, one of their four spirits travels the Milky Way. The soul can either become an ancestor or a ghost on earth.
24. Individuals try to gain access to spiritual power to guarantee better success in hunting and warfare.
25. The structure and function of the sweat lodge is to represent the universe. They believe that it leads to purification.
26. A typical vision experienced by a person who undertakes a vision quest arrives in the form of an animal, object, or force. The medicine man is the one who tells the vision to the others.
27. A woman tribe presides over the Sun Dance in the Blackfeet tribe.
28. The axis mundi is an entity that connects heaven and earth. It is the cottonwood tree in the Sun Dance.
29. Some participants in the Sun Dance skewer their chests and dance until their flesh rears because they believe that their bodies is the only true they own and is the only suitable sacrifice to offer to the supreme being.
30. The Aztec traditions show the description of primal religions because in a developed sense. The Aztecs have emphasis on the relationships between myths and rituals.
31. The geographical area of Mesoamerica included most of Mexico, extending to Honduras, Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
32. According to Aztec cosmetology, Quetzalcoatl was the god that created and order the world. The ancient city of Teotihuacan is the origin of the cosmos.
33. Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl was the god's earthly devotee that ruled as a priest king. He was significant to the Aztecs because they believed that he presided over the golden age of Aztec cultural brilliance and proved that they were a perfect role model for their own authoritative figures.
34. The Aztecs called their present age The Age of the Fifth Sun because they thought that their sun would be destroyed like the other four suns.
35. The Aztecs understood the spatial world as having four quadrants that extended out the center of the universe and connected the earthly realm to heaven and the underworld.
36. The Aztecs regarded each human being as a sort of axis mundi because the head and heart are considered to be as potent for the nourishment for the sun and the cosmos.
37. The special religious capabilities of the Aztec knowers of things were the communication with gods and the offerings through language.
38. The historical coincidence that contributed in the fall of Tenochtitlan to the Spaniards was that the Tenochtitlan believed Cortez was the return of Quetzalcoatl, but Cortez ended up conquering them.
39. The popular Day of the Dead shows the survival of Aztec religious cultures by celebrating modern day Aztecs that performed similar rituals as the ones they used to practice.
40. The three these that are shared by the primal religions studied in this chapter are the boundaries between the supernatural and human worlds, that religion is encompassing, and primal religions are constantly changing.
2. The elements of the natural and human world that the Ancestors created or established during the period of the Dreaming was the formation of life and the creation of human beings. They were given certain rights and languages.
3. Spirits survive in the symbols left behind by the Ancestors.
4. The term taboo is forbidden to profane use because of the things that are considered to be dangerous supernatural powers. The term totem is an object that remind families of their ancestors.
5. Ritual is essential if Aboriginal life has meaning because it is only in certain rituals that dreaming can be seen.
6. Aboriginal rituals originated by those people who create the world through dreaming where each ritual is an reenactment of a myth of certain actions of an Ancestor during the dreaming.
7. Initiation rituals awaken the adolescence that redefine their social identity in a tribe.
8. Two acts of Dieri initiation rituals that symbolize death are two lower middle teeth that were knocked out and then buried in the ground and circumcision.
9. The Yoruba live in the western areas of Africa.
10. The city of life has always been the center of Yoruba religion because the Yoruba believe that the god Orish-nla created the world of life.
11. The Yoruba's understanding of the cosmos was that there were two separate worlds, heaven and earth. The other forms of human beings were called witches and sorcerers who caused chaos. Humans tried hard to maintain the balance between the gods so that the witches and sorcerers would not do evil deeds.
12. Olorun is the superior god of the Yoruba religion, which originally came from the power source of the universe.
13. Orishas are lower than the Olorun. Their role is to act as a mediator between the gods and the Olorun.
14. Two of the Orishas are the Orish-nla and Ogun. The Yoruba believed that the Orish-nla created the earth. The Ogun was the god of war and iron.
15. A trickster figure is a deceptive person who appears in several forms in many cultures.
16. The two types of Yoruba ancestors are family ancestors and diefied ancestors. Family ancestors gained their status by earning a good reputation, whereas the diefied ancestors were important human figures in Yoruba society who were worshiped in large numbers.
17. The role of Yoruba ritual practitioners is to meditate between the god and heaven, and humans and earth.
18. Divination is the act that seeks to foresee future events or discover hidden knowledge by interpreting omens. The Yoruba consider it to be essential because it is important to proceed one's future.
19. Scholars believe human beings first came to North America by migrating from Asia to the Bering Strait.
20. The religion of the Plain Indians is of vital interest among native peoples throughout North America because their religion represents Native American religion.
21. Wakan Tanka is the Lakota name for supreme reality.
22. Inktomi means spider. The Lakota trickster figure taught the first humans their ways and customs.
23. Lakota believes that once a person dies, one of their four spirits travels the Milky Way. The soul can either become an ancestor or a ghost on earth.
24. Individuals try to gain access to spiritual power to guarantee better success in hunting and warfare.
25. The structure and function of the sweat lodge is to represent the universe. They believe that it leads to purification.
26. A typical vision experienced by a person who undertakes a vision quest arrives in the form of an animal, object, or force. The medicine man is the one who tells the vision to the others.
27. A woman tribe presides over the Sun Dance in the Blackfeet tribe.
28. The axis mundi is an entity that connects heaven and earth. It is the cottonwood tree in the Sun Dance.
29. Some participants in the Sun Dance skewer their chests and dance until their flesh rears because they believe that their bodies is the only true they own and is the only suitable sacrifice to offer to the supreme being.
30. The Aztec traditions show the description of primal religions because in a developed sense. The Aztecs have emphasis on the relationships between myths and rituals.
31. The geographical area of Mesoamerica included most of Mexico, extending to Honduras, Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
32. According to Aztec cosmetology, Quetzalcoatl was the god that created and order the world. The ancient city of Teotihuacan is the origin of the cosmos.
33. Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl was the god's earthly devotee that ruled as a priest king. He was significant to the Aztecs because they believed that he presided over the golden age of Aztec cultural brilliance and proved that they were a perfect role model for their own authoritative figures.
34. The Aztecs called their present age The Age of the Fifth Sun because they thought that their sun would be destroyed like the other four suns.
35. The Aztecs understood the spatial world as having four quadrants that extended out the center of the universe and connected the earthly realm to heaven and the underworld.
36. The Aztecs regarded each human being as a sort of axis mundi because the head and heart are considered to be as potent for the nourishment for the sun and the cosmos.
37. The special religious capabilities of the Aztec knowers of things were the communication with gods and the offerings through language.
38. The historical coincidence that contributed in the fall of Tenochtitlan to the Spaniards was that the Tenochtitlan believed Cortez was the return of Quetzalcoatl, but Cortez ended up conquering them.
39. The popular Day of the Dead shows the survival of Aztec religious cultures by celebrating modern day Aztecs that performed similar rituals as the ones they used to practice.
40. The three these that are shared by the primal religions studied in this chapter are the boundaries between the supernatural and human worlds, that religion is encompassing, and primal religions are constantly changing.
Sunday, December 16, 2012
Midterm Vocab
Introductory
Unit
1. The
Heart- the center for
everything that you are.
2. X
and Arrows- the
relationship between the divine and human life.
3. Desire- a strong feeling of wanting something.
4. Reality- something that is actually experienced
or seen; makes us search for the things we desire and therefore we are depended
on reality to satisfy our desires.
5. 4
Truths of the “I”- I did
not make myself, my desires are unlimited, my abilities are limited, and I
expect to be happy at all times.
6.
Religious sense- connected to the hypothesis of
revelation.
7. Ontology- the nature of being.
8.
Being- existent; living.
Anointing of the
Sick
9.
Suffering- experiencing something that is bad or
unpleasant.
10. Job-
work.
11. Original
Sin- the deliberate sin
of the first man; the consequence of the first sin committed by Adam.
12. Christ
the Physician- the
healings of Jesus Christ.
13. Presbyters-
a priest or minister of
the Church
14. Who
administers the sacrament? Only
a priest.
15. Who
can receive the sacrament? Anyone
who has been baptized Catholic.
16. Viaticum-
communion for the
journey
17. Grace
received- grace of the
Holy Spirit
18. Four
main effects of the sacrament- the
fortitude to resist temptation in the face of death, a union with the Passion
of Christ, grace to prepare for death, and forgiveness of sins.
19. Transformation
through the sacrament- transformation
of health, strenght and wellness.
20. Theodicy-
the question that
analyzes God’s justice when there is innocent suffering, bad things happen to
good people.
21. Apocalyptic-
a type of writing that
explains death and suffering of innocent people with the belief that God’s
justice comes after death or in an end time when good people will be rewarded
and evil people will be punished (heaven and hell)
22. Apostolate-
the mission, focus, or
duties of a religious community.
23. Oil
of the Sick- olive or
vegetable oil that is blessed by the bishop
24. Extreme
Unction- the sacrament
became a preparation for life after death and was given only a “last anointing”
25. Society
of Jesus- a religious
order enganged in evangelization and apostolic ministry.
26. L’Arche
Community- Family and
faith based homes where people with disabilities live together.
27. Effects
of the sacrament- 1) the
uniting of the sick person to the passion of Christ- for the good of the person
and Church. 2) the strengthening, peace, and courage to endure in a Christian
manner the sufferings of illness or old age. 3) the forgiveness of sins- if the
sick person was not able to obtain it through the sacrament of penance. 4) the
restoration of health- if it conductive to the salvation of his soul. 5) the
preparation for passing over to eternal life- preparation for death.
Reconciliation
28. Penance-
the repentance of sins;
3rd step to reconciliation.
29. Confession-
the acknowledgment of
sins; admitting that one has done wrong and is ashamed or embarrassed about it;
2nd step to reconciliation.
30. Forgiveness-
God’s merciful pardon of
our sins.
31. Conversion-
the first step of a
sinner to repentance and returning in love to God the Father.
32. Empathy-
identification with and
understanding of another’s situation, feelings, and motives.
33. Ten
Commandments- ten rules
God gave to the Israelites through Moses; 1. Thou shall have no other gods
before me. 2. Thou shalt not make thyself an idol. 3. Thou shalt not take the
name of the Lord in vain 4. Remember the Sabbath day to keep holy 5. Honor thy
mother and thy father 6. Thou shalt not kill 7. Thou shall not commit adultery
8. Thou shalt not steal 9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy
neighbor 10. Thou shalt not covet.
34. Four
Dimensions of the Sacrament- Contrition,
Confession, Penance, and Absolution.
35. Brief
history of the sacrament- it
begins during the time of Jesus and goes back to the New Testament.
36. Celebrating
the sacrament itself- we
celebrate by 1. Preparing 2. Entering the reconciliation room 3. Greet the
priest, make the sign of the cross 4. Share the reading from Scripture that
you’ve chosen to read 5. Confess your sins, beginning with the last time you’ve
celebrated the sacrament 6. Express your sorrow 7. Open yourself to the healing
and mercy of God 8. Respond “His mercy endures forever” 9. Dismisses you with
“go in peace”, respond “Thanks be to God” 10. Take a few minutes in quiet
prayer outside the room of reconciliation.
37. Examination
of Conscience- the
recall of sins and the question of “what you have done with full knowledge and
full consent against God’s Commandments.
38. Contrition-
1st step to
reconciliation; the intention of not sinning anymore.
39. Act
of Contrition- a
Catholic prayer that expresses sorrow for sins.
40. Confession
of Sin- admitting our
sins to a priest.
41. Absolution-
the condition of being
formally forgiven by a priest in the sacrament of penance.
42. Sin-
an immoral act
considered to be transgression against divine law.
43. Mortal
Sin- serious violations
of God’s law of love that result in the loss of Gods love in the soul of the
sinner.
44. Venial
Sin- sins that weaken
and wound our relationship with God but do not destroy divine life in our
souls.
45. Moral
Object- either good
moral actions or evil actions.
46. Original
Sin- the first sin
committed by Adam and Eve.
47. Personal
Sin- sins that are
committed by an individual.
48. Sacramental
Seal- the secrecy
priests are bound to keep regarding any sins confessed to them.
49. Restitution-
the act of repairing,
restoring, or paying for any damage our sins have inflicted on others or their
property.
50. Concupiscence-
an inclination to commit
sin that can be found in human desires as a result of original sin.
51. Fornication-
sexual intercourse
between an unmarried man and unmarried woman.
52. Excommunication-
a serious penalty that
means the baptized person is no longer in communion with the Catholic Church.
53. Apostasy-
the denial of Christ and
the repudiation of the Christian faith by a baptized person.
54. Hersey-
the belief or opinion at
odds with what is generally accepted.
55. Schism-
a break in church unity
from the failure to accept the pope as the vicar of Christ.
56. Grace
of Reconciliation- our
sanctifying grace is restored to the soul; our sins are forgiven; when received
without any mortal sin on the soul, the sacrament of Reconciliation imparts to
the soul an increase in sanctifying grace; any venial sins are forgiven.
57. Confession
is necessary for God to forgive our sins and to release or cleanse the guilt
within our hearts.
58. God
forgives sin.
59. The
role of the priest is to listen to the confessions of our sins and represents
Christ in his ministry.
60. One
should attend confession at least once a year.
61. Three
required acts of the Penitent are the sinner must be contrite of heart, confess
with their lips, and make fruitful satisfaction.
62. Interior
Repentance- another name
for the word “contrition”
63. A
priest administers the sacrament of Reconciliation.
Matrimony
64. Declaration
of Nullity-
65. Abortion-
the deliberate
termination of a human pregnancy.
66. Contraception-
the deliberate use of
artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of
sexual intercourse.
67. Sterilization-
the act of making an
organism barren or infertile; unable to reproduce.
68. Natural
Family Planning- the
traditional method of starting a family; any of several methods of family
planning that do not involve sterilization or a contraceptive device or drugs.
69. Nuptial
Blessing- prayers for
the blessing of a couple being married, especially the bride.
70. Fidelity-
faithfulness to a
person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.
71. Divorce-
the legal dissolution of
a marriage by a court or other competent body.
72. Polygamy-
being married more than
once.
73. Adultery-
acts of marriage between
married person and party other than the spouse.
74. Annulment-
revocation; the state of
being cancelled or void.
75. Purpose
of Marriage- to
reproduce and start a family.
76. Unity-
for the good of the
husband and wife; to support each other and help each other grow, to become
closer to God.
77. Procreation-
marriage creates
communion of love into which children can be born.
78. Intimacy-
used to enhance the
unity of the spouses and procreation.
79. Rites
for celebrating marriage- couples
express desire to marry, exchange of vows, blessing and exchange of rings,
blessing of couple.
80. Free
Consent- an agreement
between individuals.
81. Exchange
of Vows- the exchange of
promises towards a man and woman during the process of marriage.
82. Parts
of Marriage Celebration- the
liturgy of the word, the liturgy of marriage, and the nuptial blessing.
83. Grace-
a virtue coming from
God.
84. Family-
a group of people
consisting of two parents and children living together in a household.
85. Domestic
Church- “belonging to
the Lord;” expresses the profound meaning of “church”
86. Matrimony
as a covenant- the most
important human bond that holds all of God’s work on the planet together.
87. Cohabitation-
living together before
being married.
88. Creation-
something that is being
brought into existence.
Holy Orders
89.
Diocese- a district under the pastoral care of a
bishop.
90.
Vicar- a representative or deputy of a bishop; a clergyman in
charge of a chapel.
91.
Episcopal College- members of the Church.
92.
Synod of Bishops- an advisory body for the pope; a group of
bishops who have been chosen for different regions of the world.
93.
Ecumenical Council- a conference of ecclesiastical
dignitaries and theological experts convened to discuss and settle matters of
Church doctrine and practice.
94.
Infallibility- the doctrine that the pope is incapable
of error in pronouncing dogma.
95.
Imprimatur- an official license by the Roman Catholic
Church to print an ecclesiastical or religious book.
96.
Parish- a small administrative district typically
having its own church and priest or pastor.
97.
Stole- what priests must wear to celebrate the sacraments.
98.
Dalmatic- a long wide-sleeved tunic, which serves
as a liturgical vestment in the Roman Catholic Church.
99.
Seminary- a school, especially a theological school
for the training of priests, ministers, or rabbis.
100. Celibacy-
the sate of one who has
chosen to remain unmarried for the sake of the Kingdom of Heaven in order to
give himself entirely to God and the service of his people.
101. Bishops-
constituted a Pastor in
the Church to be the teacher of doctrine, the priest of sacred worship, and the
minister of governance.
102. Pope-
the head of the Roman
Catholic Church.
103. Priest-
an ordained minister of
the Catholic Church having authority to perform rites and administer
sacraments.
104. Deacon-
an ordained minister of
an order ranking below that of a priest in the Church.
105. Cardinal-
a leading dignitary of
the Roman Catholic Church, nominated by the pope and collectively forming the
Sacred College.
106. Clergy-
the body of all people
ordained for religious duties.
107. Chasuble-
a sleeveless outer
vestment worn by a Catholic priest when celebrating Mass.
108. Discern-
“to separate out”
109. Who
can be ordained? Anyone
who has a religious degree.
110. Three
degrees of Holy Orders- a
priest, deacon, or bishop.
111. Grace-
a virtue of God.
Baptism
112. Definition- the cleansing of original sin; the “door
of the Church”
113. Proper matter- flowing water
114. Correct
words/form- “I baptize
you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit” with
triple pour of water.
115. Designated Minister- Bishop, Priest, or Deacon.
116. Candidates-
anyone.
117. Signs
of Baptism- water,
paschal candle, white garment, oil of the Catechumen, Sacred Chrism oil.
118. Oils
of Baptism- olive oil,
placed on the crown of the head.
119. Water- the proper matter of Baptism; essential
matter of the sacrament.
120. Baptismal Name- the name that is given to a child at
birth and is encouraged to be that of saints or of a holy person.
121. Effects of Baptism- purification from sins and new birth in
the Holy Spirit; it enables us to believe in God (theological virtues), live
according to the power of the Holy Spirit (the sanctifying gifts), and grow in
goodness (moral virtues).
122. Concupiscence- the inclination towards sin and evil.
123. RCIA process- 1) Evangelization- a person hears the word of God and
responds to it; followed by the rite of acceptance. 2) Catechumenate- studies the faith in special parish classes,
mentored by a sponsor, does service, and participates in the Liturgy of the
Word at Mass. 3) Purification and
Enlightenment- During Lent, Catechumens scrutinize their lives and do
penance; they receive the Lord’s prayer and the creed on which to center their
lives; at the end, they receive the 3 sacraments of initiation. 4) Mystagogia- the newly baptized
neophytes continue to meet with one another after Easer until Pentecost,
gradually taking their place in the Church.
Confirmation
124. Definition-
the sacrament thorough
which the Holy Spirit comes to us in a special way and enables us to profess
our faith as strong and perfect Christians and soldiers of Christ.
125. Proper matter- anointing with Chrism.
126. Correct words/ form- “Be Sealed with the gift of the Holy
Spirit” with oil on the forehead in the sign of the Cross.
127. Designated minister- Bishop
128. Seal- to be sealed the Gift of the Holy Spirit after being
anointed.
129. Holy Spirit- the “Holy Ghost”; the doctrine of the
Catholic Church concerning the Holy Ghost forms an integral part of her
teaching on the mystery of the Holy Trinity.
130. Gifts of the Spirit- the gifts of wisdom, understanding,
knowledge, fortitude, counsel, piety, and fear of the Lord.
131. Pentecost- a feast which commemorates the Decent of
the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles, fifty days after the Resurrection of Christ;
the birthday of Confirmation.
132. Why we confirm- it confirms Baptism and allows a person
to mature through the Holy Spirit.
133. Sponsor- a person who makes a pledge or promise on
behalf of another.
134. Confirmation
Name- a name that a
person receives after going through Confirmation.
135. Anointing with Chrism- The anointing of the forehead with chrism in the form of a
cross signifies that the Catholic who is confirmed must always be ready to
profess his faith openly and to practice it fearlessly.
136. Laying on of hands- ancient gesture used in Confirmation
137. Effects/ Implications- an
increase of sanctifying grace, the strengthening of our faith, and the gifts of
the Holy Ghost.
Eucharist
138. Definition-
a symbol of the Body and
Blood of Christ; nourishes the soul and is
139. Source and Summit- represents the Eucharist; our faith
140. Transcendence-
the overcoming of the
normal limitations imposed by the human condition, whether temporarily or
abindingly.
141. Consecration- the moment the bread and wine are
transformed into the Body and Blood of Christ.
142. Transubstantiation-
the presence of Jesus
through the bread and wine
143. Tabernacle-
a secure place to reserve
the Eucharist
144. Other
Names- the mass, Holy
Communion, the Lord’s Supper, The Breaking of the Bread
145. Proper Matter- wheat based Bread and pure grape wine
146. Correct
words/ form- the words
of Institution: “This is my body… This the chalice of my blood…”
147. Designated minister- Bishop or Priest
148. Eucharistic
Meal- bread and wine.
149. Mass/ Liturgy
·
Introductory Rites- beginning of Mass.
·
Liturgy of the Word- first reading from the Old Testament,
Acts or Revelation; Responsorial Psalm. Second reading from the New Testament
letter; Gospel reading.
·
Liturgy of the Eucharist- the presentation of the offering;
Eucharistic prayer; contains the Communion Rite and Dismissal Rite.
150. Corpus
Christi- a feast to
celebrate the tradition and belief in the body and blood of Christ.
151. Unity
with Christ- Christ
becomes a part of us
152. Sunday Obligation- Sunday is made holy to celebrate Christ;
obligated to go to Church and worship Him.
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